🏥 Surgical Nursing Care Plan on Acute Intestinal Obstruction with Laparotomy

Medical-Surgical Nursing | NANDA Nursing Care Plan Format

Surgical Nursing Care Plan | Practical File Ready

⚠️ Educational Purpose Only: This surgical nursing care plan is prepared for academic practical file work. Not for actual patient care or clinical decision-making.

📄 Page 1 — Student Information

Student Name	[Your Name]
Course	BSc Nursing / GNM / ANM
Subject	Medical-Surgical Nursing
Surgical Care Plan Topic	Acute Intestinal Obstruction with Laparotomy
Format	NANDA-I Surgical Nursing Care Plan Format
Clinical Area	Emergency Ward / Surgical Ward / Operation Theatre / Post-operative Ward
Date of Submission	[Enter Date]
Clinical Instructor	[Instructor Name]

📄 Page 2 — Patient Identification Data

Name	Mr. Mahendra Singh
Age	55 Years
Sex	Male
Address	Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Occupation	Shopkeeper
Marital Status	Married
Religion	Hindu
Diagnosis	Acute Intestinal Obstruction
Surgical Procedure	Exploratory Laparotomy
Type of Surgery	Emergency Abdominal Surgery
Type of Anesthesia	General Anesthesia
Type of Family	Nuclear Family
Family Size	4 Members
Ward Name	Male Surgical Ward
Bed Number	12
Date of Admission	21/05/2026
Date of Surgery	21/05/2026
Doctor Incharge	Dr. S. K. Parihar, MS General Surgery
Hospital Name	Government Medical College Hospital, Jodhpur

📄 Page 3 — Chief Complaints & Present Illness History

Chief Complaints

Severe abdominal pain — since 1 day.
Abdominal distension — since 1 day.
Vomiting — 5 to 6 episodes.
Failure to pass stool and flatus — since 24 hours.
Nausea and restlessness.
Reduced oral intake and weakness.

History of Present Illness

Mr. Mahendra Singh, a 55-year-old male, was admitted to the emergency ward with complaints of severe abdominal pain, abdominal distension, repeated vomiting and inability to pass stool and flatus for 24 hours.

The pain was colicky in nature and gradually increased in intensity. Vomiting was initially food particles and later became bilious. Patient also complained of nausea, restlessness, weakness and reduced oral intake. There was no history of trauma.

On examination, abdomen was distended and tender, bowel sounds were exaggerated initially. X-ray abdomen showed multiple air-fluid levels suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Patient was kept NPO, Ryle’s tube was inserted for gastric decompression, IV fluids were started and emergency exploratory laparotomy was planned.

Past Medical History

No history of diabetes mellitus.
No history of hypertension.
No history of tuberculosis, asthma or epilepsy.
History of occasional constipation.
No known drug allergy.

Past Surgical History

History of previous abdominal surgery for appendectomy 10 years back.
No history of previous intestinal obstruction.
No history of blood transfusion reaction.

📄 Page 4 — Family History & Family Composition

Family History

The patient belongs to a nuclear family.
Total family members are 4.
No family history of intestinal obstruction reported.
No family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, tuberculosis or hereditary disease.
Wife is healthy and works as homemaker.
Two children are healthy and studying/working.
Family is cooperative and supportive during hospitalization.

Family Composition

Name	Age/Sex	Education	Occupation	Relationship	Health Status
Mr. Mahendra Singh	55/M	10th Pass	Shopkeeper	Self / Patient	Acute Intestinal Obstruction with Laparotomy
Mrs. Sushila Singh	50/F	8th Pass	Homemaker	Wife	Healthy
Mr. Ravi Singh	25/M	Graduate	Private Job	Son	Healthy
Miss Neha Singh	20/F	College Student	Student	Daughter	Healthy

Family Tree

👨

Mr. Mahendra Singh

Patient

Acute Intestinal Obstruction with Laparotomy

♡

👩

Mrs. Sushila Singh

Wife

Healthy

👨

Mr. Ravi Singh

Son

Healthy

👩

Miss Neha Singh

Daughter

Healthy

Male Female Patient Highlighted

📄 Page 5 — Dietary, Personal, Socio-economic & Environmental History

Dietary History

The patient takes a mixed diet.
Usually takes 3 meals per day with tea and snacks.
Diet includes chapati, dal, vegetables, rice, milk and seasonal fruits.
Occasional intake of spicy and oily foods.
Fluid intake was reduced due to vomiting before admission.
Appetite was decreased since onset of abdominal pain.
Patient was kept NPO due to intestinal obstruction and planned emergency surgery.
Post-operatively, oral intake was started gradually after return of bowel sounds and doctor’s advice.

Personal History

Sleep: Disturbed due to abdominal pain, vomiting and anxiety.
Appetite: Decreased before admission.
Bowel: No stool and flatus passed for 24 hours before admission.
Bladder: Reduced urine output before IV fluid therapy due to dehydration.
Habits: No alcohol intake; occasional tobacco chewing reported.
Activity: Reduced due to abdominal pain and weakness.
Allergy: No known drug or food allergy.

Socio-economic History

The patient belongs to a middle-class family.
Patient works as a shopkeeper and contributes to family income.
Family is cooperative and supportive during emergency hospitalization.
Patient and family were anxious due to emergency surgery.
Financial support is available from family members.

Environmental History

The family lives in a pucca house with adequate ventilation.
Safe drinking water is available at home.
Sanitation facility is available.
Home environment is suitable for post-operative recovery and wound care.
Patient was advised to maintain hygiene and avoid infection after discharge.

📄 Page 6 — Physical Examination

General Condition

Patient was conscious, oriented and restless at the time of admission due to severe abdominal pain and vomiting. He appeared dehydrated and anxious. After surgery, patient was conscious, cooperative and recovering under close monitoring.

Vital Signs on Admission

Temperature: 99°F
Pulse: 104 beats/min
Respiration: 22 breaths/min
Blood Pressure: 100/70 mmHg
SpO₂: 98% on room air
Pain Score: 8/10

General Appearance

Built: Moderate
Nutrition: Moderate
Posture: Restless due to colicky abdominal pain
Facial expression: Painful and anxious
Skin: Dry, reduced skin turgor before IV fluids
Hydration: Mild dehydration present before treatment
Pallor: Mild pallor present
Icterus/Clubbing/Cyanosis: Not present

Abdominal Examination

Abdomen distended before surgery.
Diffuse abdominal tenderness present.
Bowel sounds exaggerated initially.
Patient had repeated vomiting.
No stool and flatus passed for 24 hours before admission.
Ryle’s tube inserted for gastric decompression.
Post-operatively, midline abdominal surgical dressing present.
Bowel sounds monitored regularly after laparotomy.

Systemic Examination

Abdomen	Distended and tender pre-operatively; post-operative midline abdominal wound dressing present.
Cardiovascular System	Tachycardia present initially due to pain/dehydration; S1 and S2 heard normally.
Respiratory System	Respiratory rate mildly increased due to pain; chest clear bilaterally.
Central Nervous System	Conscious, oriented, restless due to pain; no neurological deficit.
Skin	Dry skin and reduced turgor before fluid correction; post-operative wound dressing present.

📄 Page 7 — Vital Signs Monitoring Record

Date / Time	Temperature	Pulse	Respiration	BP	SpO₂	Pain Score
21/05/2026 — Admission	99°F	104/min	22/min	100/70	98%	8/10
21/05/2026 — Post-op	98.8°F	96/min	20/min	110/74	99%	6/10
22/05/2026 — POD 1	98.6°F	88/min	18/min	116/76	99%	4/10
23/05/2026 — POD 2	98.4°F	82/min	18/min	118/78	99%	3/10
24/05/2026 — POD 3	98.4°F	78/min	16/min	120/78	99%	2/10
25/05/2026 — Discharge	98.2°F	76/min	16/min	118/76	99%	1/10

Nursing Trend: Patient’s tachycardia and low blood pressure improved after fluid correction and surgery. Pain reduced gradually during post-operative recovery.

📄 Page 8 — Diagnostic Investigations

Sr. No.	Investigation	Normal Value	Patient Value	Interpretation
1	Hemoglobin	13–17 g/dL	12.8 g/dL	Mildly low
2	Total WBC Count	4,000–11,000/mm³	13,800/mm³	Raised, possible inflammation/infection
3	Platelet Count	1.5–4 lakh/mm³	2.6 lakh/mm³	Normal
4	Random Blood Sugar	80–140 mg/dL	124 mg/dL	Normal
5	Blood Urea	15–40 mg/dL	46 mg/dL	Mildly raised due to dehydration
6	Serum Creatinine	0.7–1.3 mg/dL	1.2 mg/dL	Upper normal
7	Serum Sodium	135–145 mEq/L	132 mEq/L	Mild hyponatremia
8	Serum Potassium	3.5–5.0 mEq/L	3.3 mEq/L	Mild hypokalemia due to vomiting
9	Urine Routine	No sugar/protein	Normal	No abnormality
10	ECG	Normal sinus rhythm	Sinus tachycardia	Due to pain/dehydration
11	X-ray Abdomen Erect	No air-fluid levels	Multiple air-fluid levels present	Suggestive of intestinal obstruction
12	USG Abdomen	Normal bowel loops	Dilated bowel loops with reduced distal movement	Intestinal obstruction suspected
13	Blood Group	-	O Positive	Recorded for emergency surgery

📄 Page 9 — Medical & Surgical Management / Drug Chart

Medical Management

Patient was kept NPO immediately after admission.
Ryle’s tube was inserted for gastric decompression.
IV line was secured and IV fluids were started to correct dehydration.
Electrolyte imbalance was corrected as prescribed.
Urinary catheter was inserted to monitor urine output.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered as prescribed.
Analgesics and antiemetics were administered to relieve pain and vomiting.
Intake-output charting was maintained.
Vital signs and abdominal girth were monitored regularly.
Emergency exploratory laparotomy was planned after stabilization.

Surgical Management

Name of Surgery: Exploratory Laparotomy
Indication: Acute Intestinal Obstruction
Date of Surgery: 21/05/2026
Type of Anesthesia: General Anesthesia
Operative Site: Abdomen / Midline incision
Operative Finding: Adhesive intestinal obstruction with dilated bowel loops
Procedure Done: Exploratory laparotomy performed, adhesions released, bowel viability checked, obstruction relieved, peritoneal lavage done, abdomen closed in layers and sterile dressing applied.
Drain: Abdominal drain placed as per surgical finding
Post-operative Status: Patient shifted to post-operative ward in stable condition with Ryle’s tube, IV fluids, urinary catheter and abdominal drain.

Pre-operative Nursing Care

Verified patient identity, diagnosis and planned emergency surgery.
Checked informed written consent for surgery and anesthesia.
Maintained strict NPO status.
Inserted and maintained Ryle’s tube as ordered.
Secured IV cannula and administered IV fluids as prescribed.
Monitored dehydration signs, vital signs and urine output.
Prepared abdomen for surgery as per hospital protocol.
Administered prescribed antibiotics, analgesics and antiemetics.
Collected and reviewed emergency investigations.
Removed ornaments, dentures and valuables if present.
Provided psychological support to patient and family.
Completed pre-operative checklist and shifted patient safely to OT.

Post-operative Nursing Care

Monitored airway, breathing and circulation after general anesthesia.
Observed vital signs frequently during immediate post-operative period.
Maintained Ryle’s tube drainage and recorded amount/color.
Maintained urinary catheter and monitored hourly urine output.
Observed abdominal drain for amount, color and nature of drainage.
Checked abdominal dressing for bleeding, soakage and discharge.
Assessed pain score and administered analgesics as prescribed.
Maintained IV fluids and electrolyte correction as ordered.
Observed bowel sounds, abdominal distension and passage of flatus/stool.
Maintained strict intake-output chart.
Encouraged deep breathing and leg exercises.
Assisted gradual ambulation after doctor’s advice.
Maintained aseptic technique during wound and drain care.
Educated patient regarding wound care, diet progression and follow-up.

Drug Chart

Drug Name	Dose	Route	Frequency	Purpose	Nursing Responsibility
Inj. Ceftriaxone	1 g	IV	BD	Broad-spectrum antibiotic	Check allergy, administer slowly, monitor rash, diarrhea and IV site.
Inj. Metronidazole	500 mg	IV	TDS	Anaerobic infection control	Monitor nausea, metallic taste, abdominal discomfort and IV site.
Inj. Pantoprazole	40 mg	IV	OD	Gastric protection	Administer before meals/early morning, monitor abdominal discomfort.
Inj. Ondansetron	4 mg	IV	SOS/TDS	Controls nausea and vomiting	Assess nausea/vomiting, monitor headache and constipation.
Inj. Tramadol	50 mg	IV/IM	SOS	Moderate to severe pain relief	Monitor sedation, dizziness, nausea, respiratory status and pain relief.
Inj. Paracetamol	1 g	IV	TDS/SOS	Pain and fever relief	Monitor temperature, pain score and total daily dose.
IV Ringer Lactate	500 ml	IV	As ordered	Fluid and electrolyte replacement	Monitor flow rate, IV site, intake-output and signs of overload.
IV Normal Saline	500 ml	IV	As ordered	Fluid replacement	Check patency, monitor input-output and edema.
Potassium Chloride	As prescribed	IV infusion	As ordered	Correction of hypokalemia	Never give IV push, dilute properly, monitor ECG and serum potassium.

📄 Page 10 — NANDA Nursing Diagnoses

Sr. No.	NANDA Nursing Diagnosis	Related To	Evidenced By / Risk Factors
1	Acute Pain	Intestinal obstruction, abdominal distension and surgical incision	Pain score 8/10 pre-operatively and 6/10 post-operatively, guarding, restlessness
2	Deficient Fluid Volume	Repeated vomiting, reduced oral intake and third-space fluid loss due to intestinal obstruction	Dry skin, reduced skin turgor, tachycardia, low BP, reduced urine output
3	Risk for Infection	Abdominal surgery, surgical wound, drain, urinary catheter and invasive lines	Midline abdominal dressing, abdominal drain, Foley catheter, IV cannula
4	Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements	NPO status, vomiting and reduced oral intake	Weakness, decreased appetite, NPO status, post-operative diet restriction
5	Impaired Physical Mobility	Abdominal pain, surgical incision and weakness	Difficulty turning, sitting and walking after laparotomy

Note: Main detailed nursing care plans are prepared for the first three priority diagnoses: Acute Pain, Deficient Fluid Volume and Risk for Infection.

📄 Page 11 — Nursing Care Plan 1: Acute Pain

Assessment	Nursing Diagnosis	Goal / Expected Outcome	Planning	Implementation	Evaluation
Subjective Data: Patient complains, “Pet me bahut tez dard ho raha hai.” Post-operatively patient reports pain at abdominal incision site. Objective Data: Pain score 8/10 before surgery and 6/10 after surgery. Patient appears restless and guards abdomen. Midline abdominal surgical dressing present.	Acute Pain related to intestinal obstruction, abdominal distension and surgical incision as evidenced by pain score 8/10 pre-operatively, 6/10 post-operatively, guarding and restlessness.	Short-Term Goal: Patient will report reduction in pain from 6/10 to 3/10 within 24–48 hours after surgery. Long-Term Goal: Patient will perform deep breathing, turning and gradual ambulation with tolerable pain before discharge.	Assess pain location, intensity, duration and aggravating factors. Monitor vital signs regularly. Provide comfortable position and abdominal support. Administer analgesics as prescribed. Reduce abdominal distension by maintaining Ryle’s tube as ordered. Teach relaxation and splinting during movement.	Assessed pain score using 0–10 pain scale every 4 hours. Observed facial expression, guarding, restlessness and difficulty in movement. Positioned patient in comfortable semi-Fowler’s position as tolerated. Supported abdomen during coughing, turning and deep breathing. Maintained Ryle’s tube patency and observed drainage as ordered. Administered Inj. Tramadol and Inj. Paracetamol as prescribed. Encouraged slow deep breathing and relaxation techniques. Assisted patient during turning and early ambulation. Reassessed pain after analgesic administration.	Patient reported pain reduction from 6/10 to 2/10 within 72 hours. Patient was able to turn, sit and walk slowly with support before discharge.

Outcome: Goal achieved. Patient’s pain reduced and comfort improved.

📄 Page 12 — Nursing Care Plan 2: Deficient Fluid Volume

Assessment	Nursing Diagnosis	Goal / Expected Outcome	Planning	Implementation	Evaluation
Subjective Data: Patient reports repeated vomiting, weakness and inability to take oral fluids. Objective Data: Dry skin, reduced skin turgor, pulse 104/min, BP 100/70 mmHg, reduced urine output, mild electrolyte imbalance, Ryle’s tube drainage present.	Deficient Fluid Volume related to repeated vomiting, reduced oral intake and third-space fluid loss due to intestinal obstruction as evidenced by dry skin, reduced skin turgor, tachycardia, low BP and reduced urine output.	Short-Term Goal: Patient will maintain stable vital signs and adequate urine output within 24–48 hours. Long-Term Goal: Patient will maintain normal hydration status and corrected electrolyte balance before discharge.	Assess hydration status regularly. Monitor vital signs and urine output. Maintain strict intake-output chart. Administer IV fluids and electrolytes as prescribed. Monitor Ryle’s tube output and vomiting. Observe laboratory values for electrolyte imbalance.	Assessed skin turgor, mucous membrane, thirst, weakness and urine output. Monitored pulse, BP, respiration and temperature regularly. Maintained strict intake-output chart including IV fluids, urine, vomiting and Ryle’s tube drainage. Administered IV Ringer Lactate and Normal Saline as prescribed. Administered potassium correction as ordered with proper dilution and monitoring. Observed Ryle’s tube drainage amount and color. Monitored urine output through Foley catheter. Reviewed serum sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine reports. Reported persistent vomiting, reduced urine output or abnormal electrolyte values to physician.	Patient’s hydration status improved. Pulse reduced to 78/min, BP improved to 120/78 mmHg, urine output became adequate and electrolyte imbalance was corrected before discharge.

Outcome: Goal achieved. Fluid volume and electrolyte balance improved.

📄 Page 13 — Nursing Care Plan 3: Risk for Infection

Assessment	Nursing Diagnosis	Goal / Expected Outcome	Planning	Implementation	Evaluation
Subjective Data: Patient asks, “Operation ke baad infection to nahi hoga?” Objective Data: Exploratory laparotomy done. Midline abdominal surgical dressing present. Abdominal drain, Ryle’s tube, Foley catheter and IV cannula present.	Risk for Infection related to abdominal surgery, surgical wound, abdominal drain, urinary catheter, Ryle’s tube and invasive lines.	Short-Term Goal: Patient will remain free from signs of surgical wound and systemic infection during hospitalization. Long-Term Goal: Patient will demonstrate proper wound care and remain free from fever, pus discharge, redness, swelling and wound gaping before follow-up.	Monitor temperature and infection signs. Observe surgical wound and drain site regularly. Maintain aseptic technique during wound, drain and catheter care. Administer antibiotics as prescribed. Maintain hand hygiene and clean environment. Educate patient and family about infection prevention.	Monitored temperature, pulse and wound condition regularly. Observed abdominal dressing for bleeding, soakage, discharge and foul smell. Observed abdominal drain output for amount, color and odor. Maintained aseptic technique during dressing, drain care and catheter care. Performed hand hygiene before and after patient care. Administered Inj. Ceftriaxone and Inj. Metronidazole as prescribed. Maintained Foley catheter care and observed urine characteristics. Encouraged deep breathing exercises to prevent respiratory infection. Encouraged protein-rich diet after oral intake was allowed. Educated patient not to touch wound and tubes with unclean hands. Taught warning signs such as fever, redness, swelling, pus discharge, foul smell and wound opening.	Patient remained afebrile. Surgical dressing was clean and dry. Drain output reduced gradually. No pus discharge, redness, foul smell or wound gaping was observed. Patient understood infection prevention measures.

Outcome: Goal achieved. No signs of surgical wound or systemic infection were observed.

📄 Page 14 — Discharge Summary

Patient Name: Mr. Mahendra Singh
Age/Sex: 55 Years / Male
Hospital Name: Government Medical College Hospital, Jodhpur
Ward: Male Surgical Ward
Date of Admission: 21/05/2026
Date of Surgery: 21/05/2026
Date of Discharge: 25/05/2026
Final Diagnosis: Acute Intestinal Obstruction
Surgery Performed: Exploratory Laparotomy under General Anesthesia

Summary of Hospital Stay

Mr. Mahendra Singh, a 55-year-old male, was admitted in emergency with complaints of severe colicky abdominal pain, abdominal distension, repeated vomiting and inability to pass stool and flatus for 24 hours.

On examination, abdomen was distended and tender. X-ray abdomen showed multiple air-fluid levels suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Patient was kept NPO, Ryle’s tube was inserted, IV fluids and electrolyte correction were started, and emergency exploratory laparotomy was planned after stabilization.

Exploratory laparotomy was performed on 21/05/2026 under general anesthesia. Adhesions were released and obstruction was relieved. Post-operatively, patient was monitored for pain, infection, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, drain output, Ryle’s tube drainage, urine output and return of bowel function. Patient improved gradually. Bowel sounds returned, flatus was passed, oral diet was tolerated and wound remained clean and dry.

Condition at Discharge

Patient is conscious, oriented and hemodynamically stable.
No fever at the time of discharge.
Pulse: 76/min, BP: 118/76 mmHg, Respiratory rate: 16/min.
SpO₂: 99% on room air.
Pain score: 1/10.
Midline abdominal surgical dressing is clean and dry.
No redness, swelling, pus discharge or wound gaping present.
Bowel sounds present and patient has passed flatus.
Patient tolerates soft oral diet.
Urine output adequate.
Patient is able to walk slowly with support.
Patient and family understand discharge instructions.

Discharge Medications

Medication	Dose	Frequency	Purpose
Tab. Cefixime	200 mg	Twice daily for 5 days	Antibiotic
Tab. Metronidazole	400 mg	Three times daily for 5 days	Anaerobic infection control
Tab. Paracetamol	500 mg	SOS after food	Pain and fever relief
Tab. Pantoprazole	40 mg	Once daily before breakfast for 5 days	Gastric protection
Multivitamin	1 tablet	Once daily	Recovery support

Follow-Up Advice

Follow-up in surgical OPD after 7 days for wound inspection and suture/staple review.
Continue prescribed medicines as directed.
Keep abdominal wound clean and dry.
Take soft and easily digestible diet initially.
Avoid heavy lifting, bending and strenuous work until doctor permits.
Maintain adequate fluid intake.
Report immediately if fever, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, wound discharge, constipation or inability to pass flatus occurs.

📄 Page 15 — Health Education

1. Wound Care

Keep abdominal wound clean and dry.
Do not touch wound with unwashed hands.
Do not remove dressing unless advised.
Observe wound for redness, swelling, discharge, foul smell or wound opening.
Visit hospital for dressing and follow-up as advised.

2. Medication Advice

Take antibiotics for the full prescribed course.
Do not skip or stop medicines without doctor’s advice.
Take pain medicine only as prescribed.
Take gastric protection medicine before breakfast if prescribed.
Report allergy symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling or breathing difficulty immediately.

3. Diet Advice After Laparotomy

Start with soft, light and easily digestible diet as advised.
Take small frequent meals instead of heavy meals.
Drink adequate water unless restricted.
Include protein-rich foods such as dal, milk, curd, pulses and eggs if allowed.
Include fruits and vegetables gradually to prevent constipation.
Avoid oily, spicy and gas-forming foods during early recovery.
Do not overeat immediately after discharge.

4. Activity and Rest

Take adequate rest during recovery period.
Walk slowly at home as tolerated.
Avoid heavy lifting, bending and strenuous work until doctor permits.
Support abdomen while coughing, sneezing or getting up from bed.
Do deep breathing and leg exercises as advised.
Resume normal activities only after medical advice.

5. Prevention of Complications

Maintain hand hygiene before touching dressing area.
Avoid constipation by taking fluids and fiber-rich foods gradually.
Attend follow-up visits regularly.
Do not ignore persistent vomiting, abdominal distension or severe pain.
Maintain proper nutrition for wound healing.
Avoid self-medication.

6. Warning Signs Requiring Immediate Medical Help

Fever above 100.4°F.
Severe abdominal pain or increasing abdominal distension.
Persistent vomiting.
Inability to pass stool or flatus.
Redness, swelling, pus discharge or foul smell from wound.
Bleeding from wound site.
Wound opening.
Reduced urine output or severe weakness.

Patient Teaching Outcome: Patient and family verbalized understanding of wound care, medication, diet progression, activity restriction, follow-up and warning signs.

📄 Page 16 — Bibliography

Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Latest Edition, Wolters Kluwer.
NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification 2024–2026.
Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, Latest Edition.
Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, Latest Edition.
Indian Nursing Council recommended Medical-Surgical Nursing syllabus and clinical practical guidelines.
Hospital surgical nursing care protocols for pre-operative and post-operative care.

⚕️ Medical Disclaimer: This surgical nursing care plan is prepared for educational and academic purposes only for ANM, GNM and BSc Nursing students. It is not intended for actual patient care or clinical decision-making. Always follow hospital protocol, physician orders and standard nursing textbooks.